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L'albatros

L'albatros est un poème de Charles Baudelaire sur une musique de Patrick Le Mault.

Le poème L'Albatros, de Charles Baudelaire, est extrait de "Spleen et idéal", la deuxième partie du recueil Les Fleurs du mal. Cette partie évoque l'homme déchiré entre l'aspiration à l'élévation et l'attirance pour la chute, déchirement à l'origine de la tristesse nommée spleen, indissociable de la condition humaine et qui finit par triompher.
    Ce poème a été inspiré à Baudelaire lors d'un voyage sur un navire qui devait le mener jusqu'aux Indes, mais qui finalement s'est achevé sur l'île Maurice. L'albatros traduit chez 
Baudelaire la conscience d'être différent des autres. Baudelaire a recours à une image très suggestive pour dépeindre sa propre condition dans une société qui l'ignore complètement. L'image de l'albatros capturé évoque l'idée d'un être totalement étranger au monde qui l'entoure. Baudelaire faisait partie de la génération des poètes maudits, c'est-à-dire non compris par les gens de son époque. Les trois premières strophes concernent l'albatros tandis que la dernière est dédiée au poète.

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L’albatros

Charles Baudelaire

Souvent, pour s’amuser, les hommes d’équipage
Prennent des albatros, vastes oiseaux des mers,
Qui suivent, indolents compagnons de voyage,
Le navire glissant sur les gouffres amers.

A peine les ont-ils déposés sur les planches,
Que ces rois de l’azur, maladroits et honteux,
Laissent piteusement leurs grandes ailes blanches
Comme des avirons traîner à côté d’eux.

Ce voyageur ailé, comme il est gauche et veule !
Lui, naguère si beau, qu’il est comique et laid !
L’un agace son bec avec un brûle-gueule,
L’autre mime, en boitant, l’infirme qui volait !

Le Poète est semblable au prince des nuées
Qui hante la tempête et se rit de l’archer ;
Exilé sur le sol au milieu des huées,
Ses ailes de géant l’empêchent de marcher.

 

 

 

Tutti:     

Soprano:

Alto:      

Tenor:   

Basse:   

L'albatros

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Baudelaire, poète de la modernité, publie son grand recueil Les Fleurs du mal en 1857.

 Il mène une vie de tourments et de difficultés dont l’angoisse se retrouve dans son concept central du Spleen (humeur dépressive). .

Le poème « L’Albatros » est le troisième poème de Les Fleurs du mal . Dans ces quatre quatrains en alexandrins à rimes croisées, alternativement féminines et masculines, Baudelaire nous décrit la rencontre brutale entre des marins et des albatros. 

Ce petit poème se présente comme la description d’un albatros, qui attrapé par des marins se retrouve malmené, en proie à la bassesse humaine et aux plaisirs vulgaires d’hommes du peuple. La multitude haineuse et jalouse maltraite la solitude superbe et fragile. Le poème se déploie par étapes bien compréhensibles: une situation initiale (les albatros suivent le navire), des péripéties fâcheuses, puis une chute en forme de morale. C’est à la fin que nous comprenons l’essence même de la réflexion, à savoir que les trois premières strophes constituent une métaphore filée de la situation du poète dans la société.

Charles Baudelaire

Charles Baudelaire, né le 9 avril 1821 à Paris et mort dans la même ville le 31 août 1867, est un poète français.

« Dante d'une époque déchue » selon les mots de Barbey d'Aurevilly,  il occupe une place considérable parmi les poètes français pour un recueil certes bref au regard de l'œuvre de son contemporain Victor Hugo , mais qu'il aura façonné sa vie durant : Les Fleurs du mal.

Baudelaire détache la poésie de la morale, la proclame tout entière destinée au Beau et non à la Vérité. Comme le suggère le titre de son recueil, il a tenté de tisser des liens entre le mal et la beauté, le bonheur fugitif et l'idéal inaccessible , la violence et la volupté.  

Lors d'une visite à l'église Saint-Loup de Namur, Baudelaire perd connaissance. Cet effondrement est suivi de troubles cérébraux, en particulier d'aphasie.

À partir de mars 1866, Baudelaire souffre d'hémiplégie.

En juillet 1866, on le ramène à Paris. Il est aussitôt admis dans la maison de santé du docteur Guillaume Émile Duval (1825-1899), aliéniste réputé. L'établissement se trouve 1, rue du Dôme. Le poète y occupe, au rez-de-chaussée du pavillon situé au fond du jardin, une chambre bien éclairée ornée de deux toiles d'Édouard Manet32, dont la Maîtresse de Baudelaire, peinte en 1862, aujourd'hui au musée des Beaux-Arts de Budapest.

C'est là qu'il meurt, rongé par la syphilis, le 31 août 1867, à onze heures du matin. Le lendemain, Narcisse Ancelle, son conseil judiciaire, et Charles Asselineau, son ami fidèle, déclarent le décès à la mairie du 16e arrondissement et signent l'acte d'état civil33.

Le même jour, il est inhumé au cimetière du Montparnasse (6e division), dans la tombe où repose son beau-père détesté, le général Aupick, et où sa mère le rejoint quatre ans plus tard.

Charles Baudelaire by Étienne Carjat, 1863

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Date de dernière mise à jour : 18/03/2024